HISTORY OF DATA PROCESSING
? Manual  (Caves - 1450)
? Mechanical  (1450 - 1840's)
? Electromechanical (1840's - 1940)
? Electronic (1940 - Present)
MANUAL DATA PROCESSING
? Stones, notches, etc.
? Manipulation of numbers
? Yanamani
? Phoenecians
? Mayans
? Chinese - Abacus (2500 b.c.)
MANUAL DATA PROCESSING (CON'T)
? Written records
? Babylonians - Stone Tablets (3500 b.c.)
? Phoenicians -  Clay Tablets  (2000 b.c.)
SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF NUMBERS
? Roman numerals
- MCMXVII = ???
- LIX = ???
- MCMXVII * LIX = ???
SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF NUMBERS (con't)
? Hindu - Arabic numeral system
? Concept of 0
CONCEPT OF ZERO
? 4  1  9 = 4*100 + 1*10 + 9*1
? 4  1  0  9=4*1000 + 1*100 +0*10 +9*1
? In this number system, there is a consistent value assigned to each position (1's, 10's, 100's, etc.)
MECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING
1450-1840
? Guttenburg press - 1450
? Information Revolution
? Blaise Pascal
? Pascaline - 1642
? Add, Subtract, Carry 10's
? Gottfried von Leibniz
? Stepped reckoner - 1673
? Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide, Square Root
ELECTROMECHANICAL (PUNCHED CARD)
1840-1940
? Forerunners
- Volta
? Communication Devices:
- Telegraph 	(Samuel Morse - Code 1830)
- Telephone 	(Bell - 1876)
- Radio 		(Marconi - 1894)
- Punched Card (Joseph Jacquard - 1801)
HERMAN HOLLERITH
? The Census Machine  <a href="../graphics/Hollerith_machine.jpeg">Picture</a>
? 1880 Census - 7.5 years
? 1890 Census - 2.5 years
? Tabulating Machine Company
? Railroad Statistics
JAMES POWERS
? New census machine
? Powers Accounting Machine Co.

? Social Security
? 1929 Stock Market Crash
? FDR Elected
- New Deal - Social Security
• "Need" for better data processing
HOWARD AIKEN
? Mark I (1944)
- First (and last) large-scale electromechanical computer
- 750,000 parts
- 500 miles wire
- 3,000,000 electrical connections
- SLOW!!!  8 hours to do what ENIAC could do in 1 minute