Processing and Memory

* Data Representation
* Microprocessors
* Memory Role
* Memory Forms
CPU
* CONTROL UNIT - ORDERS OPERATIONS
* ALU - MANIPULATES AND PROCESSES DATA
Internal Memory
* RAM
* Virtual Memory
* Cache Memory
* ROM
* REGISTERS
Internal Memory
* RAM STORES:
* CURRENT PROGRAM
* CURRENT DATA
* OPERATING SYSTEM

Internal Memory
* LOCATIONS IN RAM = ADDRESSES
* EACH ADDRESS HOLDS 1 UNIT (WORD) OF DATA
* PO BOX ANALOGY
* DESTRUCTIVE WRITE
* NON-DESTRUCTIVE READ

Internal Memory
* REGISTERS - TEMPORARY  HIGH-SPEED STORAGE LOCATIONS USED TO MAKE THE MACHINE MORE EFFICIENT 
REGISTERS
* REGISTER = 100X FASTER THAN RAM 
* RAM = 1000X FASTER THAN HARD DISK
PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS
* OP CODE =
* WHAT
* OPERAND =
* WHERE
TYPICAL REGISTERS

* INSTRUCTION REGISTER
* (OP CODE)
* ADDRESS REGISTER
* (OPERAND)
* STORAGE REGISTER
* (DATA)
* ACCUMULATOR
* (INTERIM RESULTS)
MACHINE CYCLE
* TWO PARTS:
* I-TIME  (INSTRUCTION TIME)
* E-TIME (EXECUTION TIME)
I-TIME
* FETCH
* DECODE
* LOAD INSTRUCTION AND ADDRESS REGISTERS
E-TIME
* MOVE DATA INTO STORAGE REGISTER
* PROCESS
* STORE RESULT (IN ACCUMULATOR)
Microprocessor Speed
* Data Bus
* System Clock
* CISC and RISC
* Numeric Coprocessor
Data Representation
* Binary
* EBCDIC
* ASCII 

Binary Numbers
* Digit * Place Value
* 1     0     1     1     1
*                                 1*1 = 1
* +                     1*2         = 2
* +             1*4                 = 4
* +     0*8                         = 0
* +1*16                           =16
*                            10111 =23
Data Representation
* EBCDIC
*  ASCII 

The Parity Bit
* ODD or EVEN
* USED TO CHECK FOR MISRECEIVED BYTES
* EX.:  (ODD PARITY)
* 10110010P
* P=*
* P=1 (SUM OF 1 BITS NOW = 5)


RAM MEDIA
* Magnetic Drums
* Magnetic Core


SEMICONDUCTOR RAM
* Work on grid, like core, but require continuous power to keep their values
* automated manufacturing
* miniaturization
* but VOLATILE


MEMORY TYPES
* RAM
* ROM
* PROM
* EPROM
* EEPROM

Microprocessor Chips
* Intel
- 486
- 586
* Motorola
- 68030
- 68040
* DEC
INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT
* Motherboard
* CPU
* Memory
* Expansion Slots
* Ports
* System Clock
* Power Supply
* Fan
* Disk Drives