Hour Test #3 (7 Dec 1999)

Student Name:

Please read these carefully. Circle the one response (a, b, c, d, or e) that most correctly answers the question or completes the statement. Each of the remaining four responses has a flaw with respect to the original statement, although containing some truth. Multiple choice questions are worth 3 points each.

1. In south Florida's sandy soil, the most serious nematode pest of turf is:
1. lance
2. ring
3. sting
4. rootknot
5. stubby root
2. Which pest is a piercing sucking insect?
1. the white grub
2. the fall armyworm
3. the tawny mole cricket
4. the tropical sod webworm
1. the southern chinch
3. The most useful evidence in diagnosing what caused a turf problem:
1. the symptoms
2. the signs
3. the history
4. the environment
5. the species and variety of grass
4. This pest damages the turf by tunneling:
1. Solenopsis invicta
2. Blissus insularis
3. Phyllophaga spp
4. Herpetogramma phaeopteralis
5. Scapteriscus vicinus
5. This group of organisms is not known to be a pest of turf in Florida:
1. roundworms
2. arthropods
3. fungi
4. weeds
5. bacteria
6. Dr. Monica Elliott listed the steps in pathogenesis. Which was first in the sequence as she listed them?
1. dormancy
2. penetration
3. infection
4. inoculation
5. dissemination
7. Which group of turf arthropods has the longest (1 to 4 year) life cycle?
1. chinch bugs
2. grubs (beetles)
3. mole crickets
4. fire ants
5. mites
8. An annual bunch type weed of turf, particularly golf and athletic turf:
1. Eleusine indica
2. Hydrocotyle umbellata
3. Rhizoctonia solani
4. Panicum repens
5. Solenopsis invicta
9. The USGA Green Section Record article by Larry Gilhully said:
1. golfers who played Mauna Lani would not accept Paspalum vaginatum
2. golfers who played on Paspalum vaginatum at Coral Creek in Oahu were extremely positive
3. the United States Golf Association has had a goal since 1982 to develop turfgrasses for 50% reduced water use and 50% reduced maintenance costs
4. take the bar and hide it
1. all of the above
10. The causal agent of brownpatch and other turfgrass diseases:
1. Pythium spp.
2. Blissus insularis
3. Rhizoctonia solani
4. Urochloa subquadripara
5. Bacillus thuringensis
11. What is a name for a single filament of fungus?
1. frass
2. spore
3. hypha
4. mycelium
5. symbiont
12. Compared with structural (i.e., buildings) and ornamental insects, Dr. Tom Weissling said that turf insects:
1. cannot be controlled biologically
2. represent many species
3. represent few species
4. are mostly piercing sucking insects
5. are parasitoids
13. Based on his research on nematode life cycles, Dr. Robin Giblin-Davis said that the most effective time for treatment with nematicides was:
1. fall
2. winter
3. spring
4. summer
5. anytime
14. A biological toxin, used to kill lepidoteran larvae (i.e., caterpillars) is derived from:
1. Bacillus thuringensis
2. Bacillus popillae
3. Bacillus subtiilis
4. Steinernema carpocapsae
5. pentachloronitrobenzene
15. In his report on the class field trip, Larry Vinkemulder said he was impressed by the turf nursery showing a comparison of different grass varieties growing in adjacent plots at:
1. King Ranch Sod Farm
2. Winsome Farms Equestrian Center
3. Banyan Golf Club
4. Gulfstream Golf Club
5. Joe Robbie Stadium
16. This class of herbicides was developed during World War II and the group is very effective for postemergence broadleaf weed control, but are generally not used in St. Augustinegrass:
1. triazines including atrazine
2. demethylation inhibitors (e.g., triazoles) such as Banner and Bayleton
3. phenoxies such as 2,4-D
4. BT group such as Dipel and Thuricide
5. dinitroanalines such as Surflan and Pendimethalin
17. What grass genus contains both a perennial species widely used for turf, an annual species used for overseeding greens in Florida, as well as an annual species that is both a serious weed and managed as turf on greens in Michigan?
1. Cyperus
2. Poa
3. Scapteriscus
4. Bocafootianus
5. Stenotaphrum
18. In a class experiment, we varied the pressure for a two-nozzle, handheld walking spray boom. We learned that:
1. as pressure increased there was less residue captured per nozzle
2. based on the pressure we measured, the discharge per nozzle was less than that presented in the Tee Jet book
3. based on the pressure we measured, the discharge per nozzle was very close to values in the Tee Jet book
4. there was no measurable friction loss
5. none of the above
19. The herbicide Escort is labeled for use on utility turf and can be applied at the rate of 0.5 ounces per acre. How many 8-ounce containers will be needed to spray 16 miles of Turnpike median strip to a width of 8 feet?
1. 1
2. 5
3. 10
4. 50
5. 100
20. The fertilizer ammonium sulfate (21-0-0) is to be applied at 1 pound N per thousand square feet. How many 50-pound bags are needed to treat a turf area of one acre?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 8
5. 16

The following questions are worth 10 points each.

21. In her turf disease lecture, Monica Elliott explained the importance of the disease triangle. Of the three corners (virulent pathogen, susceptible host, and conducive environment), Dr. Elliott said that one of these was of primary concern to the turfgrass manager. Which one was it and why is it of primary concern to the turf manager?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

22. Explain the difference between a disease, a disorder, and an injury

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23. List and briefly explain several ways that integrated management can be used to prevent weed problems. Use an example of a single weed species, and make sure to mention both the common and scientific names.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24. Why do pesticides sometimes fail to control a pest? Give at least four different reasons including both biological and non-biological reasons.