Score ______________ out of 100
Hour Exam #1: Grasses, Growth, Propagation, and Conversions
Student's name ________________________________________
ORH 3222C - Turfgrass Culture 1 October 2003
Short answer. (100 pts.)
1. The scientific name of bahiagrass is (two words):
2. For the preceding, write the name of the genus:
3. Write the scientific name for another warm-season turfgrass species:
4. The common name for the warm-season turfgrass with the highest growth and recuperation rate is:
5.
Draw a picture of a grass panicle showing several spikelets and label one
spikelet:
6. The two types of water conducting elements in a plant vascular system are:
7. Name two characteristics which give grasses the ability to withstand periodic defoliation:
8. Draw a picture of a grass spikelet showing glumes and florets and label those parts:
9.
Draw a picture of a grass floret opened to show palea, lemma, and female
and male reproductive structures and label at least one male reproductive
part and one female reproductive part:
10. Describe a characteristic of grasses which gives them the ability to conserve soil against erosion:
11. List five commercial uses of turfgrass:
12. List five environmental benefits of turfgrass (based on your knowledge):
13. 
Where are the reduced florets
of this grass located (one word, "above" or "below"):
14. While Al Turgeon defined a "seed" to be a ripened ovule, Phil, using the example of sandbur, provided what he considered to be a more functional definition which was:
15. The fruit of the grass plant is called a:
16. The warm-season grasses are also called C4 grasses because:
17. The Panicoideae (panicoid subfamily of grasses) typically grow in what climate (moisture, temperature):
18. A subfamily of grasses containing many important cool-season species is the:
19. The presence or absence of a visible rachilla might be used to identify grass seed because:
20. According to Turgeon, among the six components of turfgrass visual quality, the one that is concerned with the width of the leaf blades is:
21. The natural climatic adaptation of turfgrass species is less important today due to:
22. Name the region (not a structure) that separates the grass leaf blade from the sheath:
23. Name the sister family of the grass family (Poaceae) which is distinguished by triangular stems. When these plants occur as weeds in South Florida, their leaves are often shiny:
24. The sack-like structure that contains the pollen:
25. If 5 bags of 12-0-0 fertilizer are applied to a 2000 square feet lawn and you are asked the number of pounds of N (nitrogen) applied per acre, besides any conversions of units you also need to know:
26. If 2000 square feet of sod is cut into plugs and planted in one acre (43,560 square feet), then the expansion rate (area/area) is:
27. Arrange the following steps of turfgrass establishment in a reasonable order: (1) eradication of existing grass using Roundup, (2) installation of an irrigation system, and (3) rough grading to establish contour and remove obstacles:
28. Turfgrasses can be propagated vegetatively to cover rapidly, but several conditions are required for this to occur to the maximum extent possible. Name three conditions (single words):
29. The process producing carbon dioxide from turf, involving the combustion of carbohydrates is called:
30. Name the organelle (subcellular body) that performs the process in #26:
31. Effect of an auxin on a plant:
32. An important characteristic of a scientific article is:
33. In class you were introduced to so-called "dimensional analysis" for converting units of measurement and solving turfgrass application rate problems. Give one advantage of this method:
34. Give one disadvantage of "dimensional analysis" method, and name or describe a different method which does not have this disadvantage:
35. In what way are most cool-season turfgrasses propagated (one word)?
36. A 50-pound bag of 6-6-6 fertilizer is applied to a 6000 ft2 lawn. How many pounds of nitrogen are applied per thousand square feet? (Show your work by whatever method you prefer to use)
37. 
Grasses in natural situations
often grow mixed with broadleaf or dicotyledonous plants, which are called
"forbs" in this situation. What is the importance of this observation
in turfgrass?
38. One advantage of sprig planting compared with plug planting is:
39. The first step in turfgrass establishment is planning. Give one example of a consideration in planning a turfgrass area.
40. You observed two experiments. One experiment was a goosegrass management experiment in a bermudagrass soccer field, involving treatments of different herbicides. You also observed a long-term dollarweed irrigation management study involving irrigation regimes (daily, conditional weekly, and extreme drought irrigation), fertilization rates, and mowing heights. Name two common elements of how both experiments were conducted:
41. Name an underground elongated stem or runner of turfgrasses:
42. Pensacola is a cultivar of the following warm-season turfgrass species (scientific or common name):
43. In the paper by Kneebone and Pepper, the grass with the greatest evapotranspiration was (turfgrasses used were bermudagras, St. Augustinegrass, tall fescue and zoysiagrass):
44. Turfgrass developed initially in (name of a continent):
45. If two different varieties of perennial ryegrass are included in the same bag, this is called a:
Glance over the attached scientific article by Youngner "Accelerated wear tests on turfgrass," enough to answer the questions.
46. Wear resistance was measured on the basis of:
47. Two types of wear were considered, which were:
48. In your opinion, these types of wear might be an inadequate representation of traffic, because:
49. The comparison of turfgrass species was not analyzed statistically because:
50. From the class lecture on warm-season and cool-season grasses, it was explained how turfgrass anatomy might explain the results observed by Youngner. Explain: