Please read these carefully. One and only one response (a, b, c, d, or e) completely and correctly answers the question, or completes the statement. Circle the appropriate response and turn in this exam. You may refer to the handouts from class, and any other textbook, web site, or other prepared material. Another person may not assist you. Make sure your circle is unambiguous.

1. The recommendation for the putting green root zone mix of the USGA (United States Golf Association):
1. at least 60% of the particles must be 0.15 to 0.25 mm diam
2. no more than 60% of the particles may be 0.25 to 0.5 mm diam
3. at least 20% of the particles must be 1.0 to 2.0 mm diam
4. all of the above
5. none of the above
2. Field maintenance was judged by Harper et al. (1984) to contribute to what portion of athletic injuries?
1. 80%
2. 60%
3. 40%
4. 20%
5. none of the above
3. The main contributor to thatch is:
1. failure to remove turf clippings
2. insect problems
3. living and dying crowns, roots, and stems
4. all of the above
5. none of the above
4. Infiltration is:
1. the downward movement of water through soil
2. the migration of small soil particles between large particles
3. the entrance of water into the soil
4. the systemic uptake of pesticide
5. none of the above
5. Approximately how many tons of topdressing must you order for 18 greens, to topdress to a depth of 3/32 inch? The greens average 7500 square feet; the topdress material is a sand with bulk density of 1.5
1. 10
2. 20
3. 50
4. 100
5. 200

Matching (10 pts)

In each of the following ten blank spaces, insert the correct word or phrase from this list

aerification bulk density capillary clay loam gravity hardpan intermediate layer	loam organic matter oxygen sand topdressing wear

6.	The __________________________________ is a two- to four inch layer used in the USGA greens specifications to reduce the migration of the rootzone mix into the gravel.
7.	The improvement of oxygen availability in the soil, often by mechanical cultivation _________________________
8.	A soil texture class involving 33% sand, 33% silt, and 33% clay _________________________
9.	A measure of the weight to volume ratio of soil _________________________
10.	The method by which water moves through the smallest holes in the soil _________________________
11.	The main nonmechanical method for reducing thatch accumulation in turf _________________________
12.	A reasonable soil amendment for a heavy soil _________________________
13.	The main deficiency of compacted soils, and the reason roots perform poorly in compacted soils _________________________
14.	Foliar damage from traffic _________________________
15.	A potential problem created by too much aerification at the same depth _________________________.

16.  Essay: A hypothetical (75 pts.) Develop a proposal for maintaining a sports complex, consisting of two baseball fields and a combination soccer and football area. For the purposes of this exercise, do not be concerned with the price or legally sound contract language. For purposes of this exercise, you may respond by means of an outline without complete sentences. Nevertheless, adhere to minimal requirements (below).

The City of Fair Palms (the "City") is soliciting a maintenance agreement for the turf portion of the Fair Palms Sports Complex, consisting of two baseball fields and a 3-acre multipurpose field. The Complex is used for youth and adult amateur team sports and other community activities. The baseball fields were originally planted to Tifway (419) bermudagrass but the coaches say it's now more weeds than grass. Besides soccer and football, the multipurpose area hosts the monthly Fair Palms Antique and Classic Car Show as well as high school football practice and regional competition, and the City doesn't know what's growing out there, but it might be a combination of bermudagrass and bahiagrass. The City Council is deeply concerned about the condition of all sports areas. Recently a sizable judgement that was awarded against the City for a serious injury that may have been associated with the condition of the sports field. The plaintiffs sought and obtained additional punitive damages by convincing the jury that a reasonable person would have known that the fields were unsafe. You are aware from newspaper reports that the City Manager is arguing that the money for fixing the Sports Complex can come from additional revenues for hosting the Goblins of Destruction Rock Concert and Monster Madness Car Crushing event.

Your first job is to visit the fields and describe their condition of the Sports Complex, for purposes of developing and justifying a comprehensive proposal. Then your second job is to develop the actual proposal for renovation and periodic maintenance. The results (present status and proposed work) should be combined in some way, so that it is clear you are aware of what needs to be fixed. Since the people evaluating your proposal do not know much about turf, you need to explain and justify what you will do.

The minimal requirements of your proposal are that you must describe in a plausible but imaginary way the present condition of compaction, drainage, traffic use, and present maintenance. Mention some specific quantitative measurements that you have made, and your understanding of present practices. You must describe specific practices that you will do to accomplish safe playing conditions, and justify them based on the relationship of compaction, drainage, etc., to what you will be doing. You must be sensitive to the intention of the City--your client, if you get the contract--to generate additional revenue. At the same time, you must provide a realistic perspective on what your the City can expect as a consequence of heavy use. On the next page, an outline is presented only as an example. You are not obligated to use this, but if you are stumped, it might help you get going.

Sample proposal
(do not use this sheet; make up a fresh proposal).

Summary

(In a nutshell, what do you propose to do? This is as far as some members of the City Council will ever read, probably while they're waiting for the meeting to be called. Be very clear and to-the-point.)

Background

SportSaviors, Inc. or whatever you call your company visited the Fair Palms Sports Complex and observed / measured the following conditions, etc., etc. . . . athletes reported, etc., use your imagination . . . Don't hesitate to make up information for this hypothetical, as long as it is information which you could reasonably obtain, and state your methods or sources.

Constraints between safety and level of use

Give your client a summary idea of what can or cannot be accomplished, in the context of why the Complex is in its present condition. Basically explain to them Soil and Water Science 101, or, "How bad things happen to good fields." . . . this section might belong better as an appendix, but as long as you have the content, it can be rearranged.

Renovation / reconstruction (if that's what you want to call it)

SportSaviors, Inc. will . . . is any irrigation / drainage work indicated from your site inspection? Do the fields need to be reconfigured in any way?

Periodic maintenance (if that's what you want to call it)

SportSaviors, Inc. will . . . (be specific as to the main cultural practices)

Community responsibilities

The City of Fair Palms, including volunteer coaches, etc. will . . . this is where you get them to tell you what they're planning to do, and work with you to prevent damage. You can add whatever kind of triggering events (e.g., rainfall) you feel are necessary to postpone events.