1. In an organism that is 2n=8, the drawing below most accurately depicts:

2. In Andalusian fowls, blue is the heterozygous condition of the alleles for black plumage, B, and white, b. A black Andalusian bird is mated to a white bird and the F₁ is mated to a blue bird. What proportion of the progeny will be white?

3. In horses, the Palomino color is the result of incomplete dominance at the C locus. The homozygous C₁C₁ is albino and the homozygous C₂C₂ is chestnut. What phenotypic ratio would be expected from mating of two Palomino horses?

4. Hemophilia in humans is a sex-linked recessive trait. A woman has two biological sons, #1 and #2. Son #1 has hemophilia. We can be sure that:

5. In the following metabolic pathway for anthocyanin (purple coloration) the enzymes A and B are coded for by the dominant alleles at the gene loci A and B, respectively. The A and B loci are not linked, but assort independently. What would be the frequency of green (purple deficient) progeny from the cross AAbb X aaBB?

6. A plant with the chromosome constitution AABBCCDD would be an:

7. Which relationship is correct?

8. A twenty-year-old's mother died from Huntington's disease, which is caused by a dominant allele. What is the probability that this 20-year-old inherited the disease?

9. A chi-square was calculated from a genetics experiment, based on a comparison of observed phenotypes with their expected distribution based on Mendelian genetics. The tabular probability level for chi-square was P < 0.00001, thus we conclude that:

10. A woman of blood type O has a child of blood O. Four men were suspected of being the father of the child. The blood types of each of the four men were AB, A, B, and O. We can conclude that:

11. Coat color in dogs depends on the action of at least two genes. At one locus a dominant epistatic inhibitor of coat color pigment (I_) prevents the expression of color alleles at another independently assorting locus, thereby producing white coat color. When the recessive condition exists at the inhibitor locus (ii), the alleles of the second locus will be expressed, iiB_ producing black and iibb producing brown. When dihybrid white dogs are mated, what would be the phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

12. Alleles may be described as

13. A variegated Anthurium plant is found by a foliage breeder. The breeder crosses this plant with a normal all-green Anthurium and obtains a variegated F₁. The F₂ segregates 3 variegated:1 green. The mutant trait is

14. In the following metabolic pathway for anthocyanin (purple coloration) the functional enzymes A and B are coded for by the dominant alleles at the gene loci A and B, respectively. The loci for A and B are not linked, thus they assort independently. What would be the phenotypic frequency of green (purple deficient) progeny from the cross AaBb X aabb?

15. Calico cats are always female because:

trisomy

16. Recessive alleles are expressed only when they occur in a condition of

__________________________________.

17. The condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes is

__________________________________.

18. Most genetic traits are believed to be controlled by many genes; this results in a phenotypic pattern of

19. In class we observed albino sorghum seedlings in a frequency of 7/16. This is evidence that the albino phenotype is controlled by two genes interacting in a nonreciprocal manner, that is, one gene masks the potential effect of the other gene. This interaction is called

20. The gene for white eyes in fruit flies is on the X chromosome; this is an example of

__________________________________.

21. In human blood types the alleles coding for the A antigen and the B antigen are related by

22. Virtually all the cells of your body are genetically identical, because they were produced by a process of identical cell division called

23. The __________________________________ holds that the probability of two independent events occurring simultaneously is found by multiplying their independent probabilities.

24. Down syndrome is the only human autosomal _________________________________ in which a significant number of individuals survives longer than one year past birth.

25. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes are reshuffled in a random manner called

__________________________________.

26. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a single autosomal recessive gene. A woman and a man have a child with cystic fibrosis; the child dies when she is eight years old. The couple want to have another child, and are considering artificially inseminating the woman through a sperm bank located in the Empire State Building. Would this reduce the likelihood that the second child has cystic fibrosis (Yes or No)? Why or why not (what specifically are the probabilities with or without using the sperm bank)? What other information would help you tell the couple more precisely the odds?

Estimated probability without sperm bank (use the original father's sperm):

Estimated probability with the sperm bank:

Other helpful information needed:

27. Below is the pedigree of the descendants of Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Empress of India. She is believed to have carried the recessive allele for hemophilia on her X chromosome. (In this figure, females are represented by circles and males by squares; solid squares are hemophiliac males; circles within circles are female carriers, or heterozygotes). According to the chart, Prince Charles does not have hemophilia. If you did not already know this, what would be the likelihood (probability) that he would have hemophilia? Why? (10-20 words or less)

Probability: ___________________

Why?

28. What are three differences which distinguish meiosis from mitosis?

#1

#2

#3

29. What is the purpose of chi-square analysis (6 to 20 words or less)?

30. A dihybrid cross

(e.g., AABB X aabb > F₁ AaBb and F₁ AaBb X F₁ AaBb > F₂ )

leads to a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1 (assuming no epistasis). What are the two key processes or relationships that must be present for this to occur?