Student Name:

____________________________________________

Part I.  Please read these carefully. Circle the one response (a, b, c, d, or e) that most correctly answers the question or matches the phrase.  Each of the remaining four responses has a flaw with respect to the original statement, although containing some truth.  Multiple choice questions are worth 2 points each.

1.      Cool-season turfgrass that spreads only by rhizomes:

a.         roughstalk bluegrass

b.         creeping bentgrass

c.         redtop

d.         Kentucky bluegrass

e.         annual bluegrass

2.      Fifty pounds per acre is approximately equal to:

a.         1 pound per thousand square feet

b.         500 grams per hectare

c.         2 pounds per thousand square feet

d.         40 gallons per acre

e.         5 bushels per acre

3.      The portion of the grass conducting tissue which brings carbohydrates downward to the roots is the:

a.         phloem

b.         chloroplasts

c.         xylem

d.         stomata

e.         mithochondria

4.      Which nutrient is often limited in availability at high soil pH?

a.         nitrogen

b.         sulfur

c.         iron

d.         calcium

e.         aluminum

5.      Which of the following is not a plant nutrient?

a.         copper (Cu)

b.         nitrogen (N)

c.         aluminum (Al)

d.         iron (Fe)

e.         boron (B)

6.      The fertilizer urea (45-0-0) is to be applied at the rate of 1 pound N per thousand square feet. How large a lawn area can be treated with one bag (50 pounds)?

a.         1000 square feet

b.         10000 square feet

c.         half an acre

d.         one acre

e.         5000 square feet

7.      What is a name for a single filament of fungus?

a.         frass

b.         stylet

c.         symbiont

d.         spore

e.         mycelium

8.      What is the best source of information on the right application rate and manner of applying a pesticide?

a.         a college textbook

b.         University of Florida recommendations

c.         Extension Service

d.         the label

e.         the MSDS

9.      Which plant nutrient is present in the atmosphere, and plants take it up through their leaves?

a.         lead

b.         phosphorus

c.         carbon

d.         nitrogen

e.         sodium

10.  Which turfgrasses have very poor shade tolerance:

a.         centipedegrass and bahiagrass

b.         bahiagrass and bermudagrass

c.         zoysiagrass and centipedegrass

d.         bermudagrass and St. Augustinegrass

e.         St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass

11.  Most turf pathogens are:

a.         Viruses

b.         Mycorrhizae

c.         Mycoplasmae

d.         Bacteria

e.         Fungi

12.  LD₅₀ is used to measure:

a.         systemic activity in turf

b.         half-life

c.         mobility in the soil

d.         solubility

e.         chronic toxicity

13.  The main problem in using preemergence herbicides in turfgrass is:

a.         ineffective on broadleaf weeds

b.         expense

c.         none of the above

d.         discoloration

e.         root injury

14.  What grass genus contains both a perennial species widely used for turf, an annual species used for overseeding greens in Florida, as well as an annual species that is both a serious weed and managed as turf on greens in Michigan?

a.         Stenotaphrum

b.         Poa

c.         Scapteriscus

d.         Cyperus

e.         Bocafootianus

15.  Which pest is a piercing sucking insect?

a.         the fall armyworm

b.         the southern chinch

c.         the tropical sod webworm

d.         the tawny mole cricket

e.         the white grub

16.  What is the most widely used cool-season grass?

a.         Kentucky bluegrass

b.         creeping bentgrass

c.         tall fescue

d.         fine fescues

e.         perennial ryegrass

17.  Rapid growing, high recuperation warm-season turfgrass:

a.         Zoysiagrass

b.         Kentucky bluegrass

c.         bahiagrass

d.         bermudagrass

e.         bentgrass

18.  To avoid future problems of compaction, what is the minimum sand content for a turf soil?

a.         90%

b.         95%

c.         50%

d.         75%

e.         99%

19.  Which is a bacteria which produces a biopesticide used against caterpillars?

a.         Rhizoctonia solani

b.         Bacillus thuringensis

c.         Embola

d.         Gaeumannomyces graminis

e.         Scapteriscus vicinus

20.  Which group of turf arthropods has the longest (1 to 4 year) life cycle?

a.         grubs (beetles)

b.         fire ants

c.         mites

d.         chinch bugs

e.         mole crickets

21.  K is the chemical symbol for

a.         manganese

b.         calcium

c.         phosphorus

d.         kryptonite

e.         potassium

22.  The best ways to maximize irrigation uniformity are:

a.         use a drought resistant turfgrass species

b.         proper scheduling and remote control

c.         head spacing and pressure

d.         rotary heads and popups

e.         reduced pipe size and spray heads

23.  Which is an example of a Latin binomial, of the type first used by Linnaeus?

a.         Paspalum notatum

b.         Argentine bahiagrass

c.         drought resistance

d.         tall fescue

e.         kilogram

24.  How many centimeters are there in an inch?

a.         4.25

b.         5.24

c.         52.4

d.         2.54

e.         25.4

25.  This pest damages the turf by tunneling:

a.         Armyworms

b.         Billbugs

c.         Southern chinch bug

d.         Mole cricket

e.         Tropical sod webworm

26.  The basic unit of the grass inflorescences is called a

a.         bract

b.         caryopsis

c.         floret

d.         glume

e.         spikelet

27.  Herbicides should be sprayed when there is little or no

a.         insects

b.         wind

c.         soil moisture

d.         turfgrass

e.         weeds

28.  What coefficient of uniformity would be considered adequate for an irrigation system?

a.         80%

b.         99%

c.         25%

d.         90%

e.         50%

29.  Which is not a reason for vehicular turf?

a.         natural air conditioning

b.         ambience (i.e., an enjoyable mood)

c.         less expensive that asphalt

d.         flexibility in future use

e.         infiltration

30.  Region of cell division and growth which is located at the base, e.g., the base of the turfgrass internode, or the base of the leaf

a.         intercalary meristem

b.         glume

c.         thatch

d.         chloroplast

e.         root hair

31.  Commercial advertisements to use a particular lawn care product are often:

a.         fraudulent

b.         vaguely worded

c.         validated by University research

d.         approved by the E.P.A.

e.         scientific

32.  Define seed with respect to grasses:

a.         a unit of dispersal

b.         a mature ovary

c.         a caryopsis

d.         a mature spikelet

e.         a fruit

33.  In South Florida's sandy soils, the most serious nematode pest of turf is:

a.         ring

b.         sting

c.         root knot

d.         sheath

e.        stubby root

34.  The typical grass flower contains:

a.         anthers or stigmas but not both

b.         three anthers and three stigmas

c.         three stigmas and two anthers

d.         two stigmas and three anthers

e.         two stigmas and two anthers

35.  A fertilizer is 6-6-0, therefore there is (BE CAREFUL):

a.         more N than P

b.         no phosphorus

c.         the same N as K

d.         the same N as P

e.         the same P as K

Part II.  Choose either Option A or Option B

Part II- Option A

Short answer worth 5 points each, 30 total

36.  Draw a picture of a grass floret opened to show palea, lemma, and female and male reproductive structures and label at least one male reproductive part and one female reproductive part

 

37.  List in numerical order the seven steps proposed by Busey for turfgrass establishment. Explain why there are two steps involving grading.  Explain why vegetation eradication precedes grading.

38.  Please help this person:  "I live on a barrier island on the Gulf Coast in Florida. I have a Palmetto lawn which is turning yellowish in color. Please advise me as to what I need to do to get it back to a darker green color. Thanks for any help!"

39.  List the four determinants of evapotranspiration and explain why it would be difficult to develop a turfgrass or any plant with low evapotranspiration.

40.  List the six components of turfgrass quality and briefly (2-3 words each) define them.

41.  Describe highlights in the cultural history of turfgrass from more than one continent.

Part II- Option B

Fill-in-the blank, 1 point each, 30 total

42.  The name of the grass fruit ________________________

43.  The punching of holes in the turf ________________________

44.  A seed combination of two or more cultivars of the same


species________________________

45.  A cultivar of St. Augustinegrass that is most widely used in Florida; developed by the University of Florida for its chinch bug

resistance________________________

46.  An term for the concept that turfgrass disease requires a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and a conducive environment; the term can be extended in concept to other pests


________________________

47.  Sister family of the grasses ________________________

48.  Membranous or hairy appendage on the adaxial (above) side of the


collar which separates the blade from the sheath ________________________

49.  The N source with the highest possible acid forming ability


_______________________

50.  A source of micronutrients in which the elements are fired into hard fragments


________________________

51.  The main quality characteristic of an irrigation system


________________________

52.  Types of weeds that are dicots


________________________

53.  The type of soil science that deal with particle sizes, drainage, bulk density


________________________

54.  A word for the burning of carbohydrates in mitochondria:


________________________

55.  Argentine is a cultivar of (give the scientific name):


________________________

56.  The main job of the golf course superintendent: ________________________

57.  The approximate number of grass species in the world:


________________________

58.  A 100% synthetic, organic nitrogen source in fertilizer ____________________

59.  Year the lawn mower was invented  ________________________

60.  The type of turfgrasses that are warm-season (a physiological term):


________________________

61.  A horizontal stem running above the ground ________________________

62.  Common name for the grass illustrated:



________________________

63.  A type of mower that cuts by shearing leaves against a bedknife


________________________

64.  Traffic injury in turfgrass consists of wear and ________________________

65.  The sac-like structure containing the pollen is ________________________

66.  The scientific name of St. Augustinegrass ________________________

67.  A method of managing weeds in turfgrass using mowing, fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, planting, and turfgrass selection


________________________

68.  The practice of mowing turfgrass too closely


________________________

69.  Common English name for Festuca arundinacea ________________________

70.  Soil with structure (sand soil does not have structure) can achieve aeration

by the soil particles forming: ________________________

71.  Turf should be mown at such a height and frequency not to remove more

than ________________________ of the leaves

Part III-Bonus.  Please discuss the following (10 points):

72.  Why are most warm-season turfgrasses normally vegetatively propagated? There is no one accepted answer to this question, so you should discuss and evaluate more than one possible explanation.